About this test’s biomarkers
A blood biomarker is a substance or characteristic that can be measured in a person’s blood to indicate the presence or severity of a disease or condition. Biomarkers can be used for early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring treatment effectiveness.
Cholesterol Profile
Total Cholesterol
Cholesterol represents an essential fat in your body that is important in managing the proper functioning of your cells, however, if the level of cholesterol is not balanced it can increase the risk of heart disease. Therefore, by measuring total cholesterol you can get a proper preview of the amount of cholesterol in your blood that includes levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol.
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HDL Cholesterol
The HDL Cholesterol test typically measures HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels, often referred to as "good" cholesterol.
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LDL Cholesterol
The LDL Cholesterol test typically measures the levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, which is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol.
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Non-HDL Cholesterol
Non-HDL cholesterol is a calculation that takes into account all of the "bad" cholesterol (LDL) in your blood, as well as other types of cholesterol, such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL). Non-HDL cholesterol is considered a better indicator of heart disease risk than LDL cholesterol alone.
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Chol: HDL ratio
The cholesterol:HDL ratio is a measure of the balance between "good" (HDL) cholesterol and "bad" (total) cholesterol in your blood.
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Triglycerides
A triglycerides test is a blood test that measures the level of triglycerides, a type of fat, in the bloodstream. High levels of triglycerides can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
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Kidney Profile
Urea
The urea test measures the amount of urea present in your blood. Urea represents the waste produced in the liver. When it is made, urea goes to the kidneys which then remove urea from your blood. Therefore, testing urea shows how well both the liver and the kidneys are working, as well as the level of your hydration.
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Creatinine
The creatinine test measures the amount of creatinine in your blood and/or urine. Creatinine is a waste product produced in your muscles from the breakdown of a compound called creatine. Both creatine and creatinine are produced by the body at a relatively constant rate. This test is a good measure of how well your kidneys are working.
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eGFR
The eGFR is a biomarker that shows your kidneys’ efficiency in filtering blood and keeping you healthy.
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Liver Profile
Bilirubin
Bilirubin is a yellow-orange pigment, a waste product that is formed when the haemoglobin in red blood cells breaks down. The unbalanced level of bilirubin may signify anaemia or liver disease, as well as lead to yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes.
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ALT
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is primarily found in the liver, but also it is present in small amounts in the heart, muscles, and kidneys. The ALT test is mostly used to examine liver health and identify levels of ALT in your blood since ALT is released into the bloodstream when the liver is injured.
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GGT
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found mainly in the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and pancreas. This enzyme helps break down proteins and also breaks down glutathione, a major antioxidant. It is therefore a useful marker for detecting bile duct problems.
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ALP
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in high amounts in bones and the liver. As an enzyme, it aids in the breakdown of proteins and it is included in a wide range of responsibilities in your body, such as DNA synthesis, filling bones with calcium, and metabolism of certain drugs.
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Total Protein
The total protein is a biomarker that combined levels of proteins in your blood called albumin and globulin. The total protein test shows your nutritional status as well as how well your kidneys and liver are working.
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Albumin
Albumin is often used to evaluate overall health. Albumin is a type of protein that is produced by the liver and the most abundant albumin is found in the blood plasma. It helps transport nutrients, medications, and hormones throughout the body, but it also helps in tissue healing and cell growth.
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Globulin
Globulin is used to assess liver function, kidney function, and immune system activity. Globulin refers to a group of proteins that are produced by the liver and immune cells. If globulin is in disbalance, it can impair the globulin’s ability to associate with other proteins such as haemoglobin, harm the transport of nutrients such as iron, and most important – it can weaken globulin’s ability to fight infection in the body.
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Diabetes Risk (HbA1c)
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) test measures the average blood sugar (glucose) levels over the past two to three months, and it is a common test used to monitor glucose control in people with diabetes. It is important to maintain good glucose control, as uncontrolled diabetes can lead to a range of serious health problems, such as health diseases, nerve, and kidney damage.
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Ferritin
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in cells and tissues of your body. Measuring ferritin shows the amount of iron that is stored and is an important indicator of an unbalanced level of iron.
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Transferrin saturation (TSAT)
Transferrin is a protein that carries iron throughout your body. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) test provides a percentage of transferrin that is carrying iron and therefore it helps in determining the level of iron in your body.
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Total Iron-binding Capacity (TIBC)
The Total Iron-binding Capacity (TIBC) test measures your blood’s capacity to bind and carry iron, also it gives an indication of the amount of iron that is available in the body. The results help in identifying iron deficiency or iron overload.
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Iron (Fe)
Iron is one of the essential minerals that are part of haemoglobin – the protein in our red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. An unbalanced level of iron can cause a lot of health problems, such as anxiety, headache, and anaemia, and therefore it is an important biomarker to be tested.
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Unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC)
Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity (UIBC) is a laboratory test that measures the amount of iron that can be bound to transferrin, a protein that transports iron in the blood. The UIBC test helps evaluate a person's iron status and the body's ability to transport and use iron.
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hs-CRP (High Sensitivity)
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a protein produced by the liver and it represents an inflammation marker used to determine whether there is inflammation in your body or not. The levels of CRP vary in response to inflammation or tissue damage. The result of the hs-CRP test can show if there is a risk for some health problems such as diabetes, obesity, and heart diseases.
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Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in bone health, immune function, and overall health. A blood test for Vitamin D measures the amount of this vitamin in the blood. The test is typically done to evaluate the levels of Vitamin D in the body and to help diagnose and monitor conditions such as vitamin D deficiency, osteoporosis, and rickets.
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Vitamin B9 (folic acid)
The vitamin B9 test is also known as the folic acid test, and it measures the amount of folic acid in your blood. It represents a B-complex vitamin that plays a crucial role in the production of DNA and RNA and helps in the formation of red blood cells. Further, intake of folic acid is especially important during pregnancy, as well as if the person has anemia or liver disease.
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Total Testosterone
Total testosterone is a measure of the total amount of testosterone in the blood, including both bound and unbound testosterone. Testosterone is an important hormone that helps regulate many bodily functions such as building muscle, increasing body hair, and deepening the voice. It also plays a role in sexual function, mood, and bone health. Measuring total testosterone can help identify decreased bone density, risk of osteoporosis, causes of low sex drive, erectile dysfunction, and infertility.
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Free Testosterone
Free testosterone is a type of testosterone that is not bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or albumin. As a type of testosterone, it is made in the testicles in men and in the ovaries and adrenal glands in women, and it is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle mass, body hair, as well as sexual function. The results of a free testosterone test can provide information about a person's testosterone status and can help to identify the cause of low sex drive, erectile dysfunction, acne, and body hair growth.
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Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
The Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) is a protein that helps in the transport of hormones and controls the availability of sex hormones that your body can use. Testing SHBG you can get information about the level of sex hormones that are active and available for use.
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Active Vitamin B12
Active B12 is an essential biomarker revealing your body's functional vitamin B12 status. It comprises 6-30% of total B12 reserves. Active B12 testing provides a precise assessment of your body's real-time B12 levels, identifying deficiencies earlier than total B12 testing alone. Adequate active B12 is critical for energy production, red blood cell formation, nerve function, and brain health. Low active B12 serves as a reliable deficiency marker, indicating risks of anaemia and neurological issues over time if not addressed. Regular active B12 testing allows early detection of potential deficiencies, enabling timely steps to improve status before long-term health problems develop.
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