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About this test’s biomarkers
A blood biomarker is a substance or characteristic that can be measured in a person’s blood to indicate the presence or severity of a disease or condition. Biomarkers can be used for early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring treatment effectiveness.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in bone health, immune function, and overall health. A blood test for Vitamin D measures the amount of this vitamin in the blood. The test is typically done to evaluate the levels of Vitamin D in the body and to help diagnose and monitor conditions such as vitamin D deficiency, osteoporosis, and rickets.
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Active Vitamin B12
Active B12 is an essential biomarker revealing your body's functional vitamin B12 status. It comprises 6-30% of total B12 reserves. Active B12 testing provides a precise assessment of your body's real-time B12 levels, identifying deficiencies earlier than total B12 testing alone. Adequate active B12 is critical for energy production, red blood cell formation, nerve function, and brain health. Low active B12 serves as a reliable deficiency marker, indicating risks of anaemia and neurological issues over time if not addressed. Regular active B12 testing allows early detection of potential deficiencies, enabling timely steps to improve status before long-term health problems develop.
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Total Testosterone
Total testosterone is a measure of the total amount of testosterone in the blood, including both bound and unbound testosterone. Testosterone is an important hormone that helps regulate many bodily functions such as building muscle, increasing body hair, and deepening the voice. It also plays a role in sexual function, mood, and bone health. Measuring total testosterone can help identify decreased bone density, risk of osteoporosis, causes of low sex drive, erectile dysfunction, and infertility.
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Free Testosterone
Free testosterone is a type of testosterone that is not bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or albumin. As a type of testosterone, it is made in the testicles in men and in the ovaries and adrenal glands in women, and it is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle mass, body hair, as well as sexual function. The results of a free testosterone test can provide information about a person's testosterone status and can help to identify the cause of low sex drive, erectile dysfunction, acne, and body hair growth.
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Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG)
The Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) is a protein that helps in the transport of hormones and controls the availability of sex hormones that your body can use. Testing SHBG you can get information about the level of sex hormones that are active and available for use.
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Albumin
Albumin is often used to evaluate overall health. Albumin is a type of protein that is produced by the liver and the most abundant albumin is found in the blood plasma. It helps transport nutrients, medications, and hormones throughout the body, but it also helps in tissue healing and cell growth.
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Progesterone (P4)
The progesterone test performed seven days before your next period is due can identify whether or not you have ovulated. Progesterone is a hormone that plays an important role in the female reproductive system, particularly is regulating the menstrual cycle, supporting pregnancy, and preparing the body for childbirth. Therefore, test can be taken to determine health conditions such as irregular periods, infertility, and menopause symptoms.
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Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a hormone that controls your thyroid gland and the production of its hormones known as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The TSH test signifies the efficiency and health of your thyroid gland, as well as if your body’s metabolism is regulated.
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Free Thyroxine (FT4)
Free Thyroxine (FT4) is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and its function is to regulate the metabolism and energy of your body. The FT4 test shows the amount of FT4 that is available for your body to use. If the level of FT4 is unbalanced, it means that your thyroid gland is underactive or overactive which are the conditions that must be treated.
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Free triiodothyronine (FT3)
Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) is one of two hormones that the thyroid gland produces, but it is also made by the conversion of T4 to T3 inside of cells of your body. The test of FT3 in combination with TSH and FT4 provides a complete picture of the health of your thyroid gland and regulation of your metabolism.
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Diabetes Risk (HbA1c)
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) test measures the average blood sugar (glucose) levels over the past two to three months, and it is a common test used to monitor glucose control in people with diabetes. It is important to maintain good glucose control, as uncontrolled diabetes can lead to a range of serious health problems, such as health diseases, nerve, and kidney damage.
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Total Iron-binding Capacity (TIBC)
The Total Iron-binding Capacity (TIBC) test measures your blood’s capacity to bind and carry iron, also it gives an indication of the amount of iron that is available in the body. The results help in identifying iron deficiency or iron overload.
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Iron (Fe)
Iron is one of the essential minerals that are part of haemoglobin – the protein in our red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. An unbalanced level of iron can cause a lot of health problems, such as anxiety, headache, and anaemia, and therefore it is an important biomarker to be tested.
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Unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC)
Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity (UIBC) is a laboratory test that measures the amount of iron that can be bound to transferrin, a protein that transports iron in the blood. The UIBC test helps evaluate a person's iron status and the body's ability to transport and use iron.
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Ferritin
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in cells and tissues of your body. Measuring ferritin shows the amount of iron that is stored and is an important indicator of an unbalanced level of iron.
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Transferrin saturation (TSAT)
Transferrin is a protein that carries iron throughout your body. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) test provides a percentage of transferrin that is carrying iron and therefore it helps in determining the level of iron in your body.
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Zinc
Zinc is an essential mineral that is required for the proper functioning of several physiological processes in the body. It plays a crucial role in immune function, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and the activity of many enzymes. The results of a zinc test can provide information on a person's zinc status, which can be useful in identifying zinc deficiency or toxicity. Zinc testing can also be useful in monitoring certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and sickle cell disease.
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Copper
Copper is an essential mineral that is required for a range of physiological processes in the body. It plays a crucial role in the formation of red blood cells, the maintenance of healthy bones and connective tissues, and the synthesis of several enzymes.The results of a copper test can provide information on a person's copper status, which can be useful in identifying anemia, osteoporosis, impaired immune function, and liver damage.
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hs-CRP (High Sensitivity)
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a protein produced by the liver and it represents an inflammation marker used to determine whether there is inflammation in your body or not. The levels of CRP vary in response to inflammation or tissue damage. The result of the hs-CRP test can show if there is a risk for some health problems such as diabetes, obesity, and heart diseases.
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Oestradiol
The oestradiol test measures the level of oestrogen in the blood. The results determine the overall hormonal balance in the body. It is the main female sex hormone which disbalance can indicate endometriosis, PCOS, infertility, or menopause, however, it is also an essential hormone in men too.
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