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Absenteeism, presenteeism, health

Absenteeism vs. Presenteeism: How Can Employee Healthcare Help?

Written by: Amy Watson

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Time to read 3 min

Keywords: Absenteeism, presenteeism, health

In the modern workplace, absenteeism and presenteeism are two significant issues that impact productivity and employee well-being. Understanding these, their triggers and how they manifest can help employers create a healthier, more supportive work environment. Let’s explore absenteeism and presenteeism in depth and discuss how comprehensive employee healthcare can address these challenges.

What are Absenteeism and Presenteeism?


Absenteeism refers to the habitual non-presence of an employee at their job. It can be due to various reasons, including chronic illness, mental health issues, personal problems or disengagement from work.


Presenteeism , on the other hand, occurs when employees are physically present at work but are not fully functioning due to illness, stress, or other health issues. This phenomenon is often more costly than absenteeism because it can go unnoticed and persist over time, significantly reducing productivity.

Absenteeism, presenteeism, health

Triggers and Biological Responses


Both absenteeism and presenteeism are triggered by multiple factors:


  • Health Issues : Chronic conditions such as liver and kidney disease, thyroid disorders, and hormonal imbalances (e.g., PCOS and menopause) can lead to frequent absenteeism or presenteeism. These conditions cause symptoms like fatigue, pain, and cognitive difficulties, which can hinder an employee's ability to perform optimally ( World Health Organization, 2020 ).

  • Mental Health : Stress, anxiety and depression are significant contributors. Chronic stress can lead to burnout, affecting both physical and mental health, which in turn leads to increased absenteeism and presenteeism ( NCBI ).

  • Work Environment : Poor working conditions, lack of support and high job demands without adequate resources can exacerbate these issues.

Biological Responses


When these triggers are present, the body responds in several ways:


  • Chronic Stress : Prolonged stress activates the body's stress response, releasing hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Over time, this can lead to various health problems, including cardiovascular disease, digestive issues and weakened immune function ( Chu et al., 2022 ).

  • Inflammation : Chronic illnesses often involve inflammation, which can cause pain, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties. Inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein (CRP) are often elevated, alongside other markers, in individuals with chronic health conditions ( Pahwa, 2023 ).

Absenteeism, presenteeism, health

Identifying Absenteeism and Presenteeism


Absenteeism is relatively straightforward to identify through attendance records. However, recognising the underlying reasons requires a more in-depth approach:


Regular absences may indicate chronic health issues or mental health problems.Noticing patterns, such as frequent Monday or Friday absences, can signal burnout or disengagement.


Presenteeism is more challenging to detect but can be identified through employees who are present but not contributing effectively, signs of stress or fatigue, such as frequent breaks, difficulty concentrating, or visible physical discomfort or higher error rates or decreased quality of work.

Supporting Employees


As an employer or colleague, you can take steps to support those affected by absenteeism and presenteeism, such as encourage open dialogue about health issues without fear of stigma or retribution, ensure employees have access to mental health resources, counselling services and comprehensive healthcare plans, implement flexible working hours or remote working options to help employees manage their health better.

Absenteeism, presenteeism, health

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Solutions to Prevent Absenteeism and Presenteeism


Prevention is more effective and less costly than treatment. Here are some strategies to combat these issues early on:


  1. Regular Health Screenings : Implement regular health check-ups to identify and manage chronic conditions and common issues such as the flu or colds early. OptimallyMe’s comprehensive blood tests can detect issues related to liver and kidney disease, thyroid function, hormonal imbalances, vitamin deficiencies and more.

  2. Mental Health Support : Provide robust mental health support, including access to therapy and stress management programmes. Addressing mental health proactively can reduce the incidence of stress-related absenteeism and presenteeism.

  3. Healthy Work Environment : Create a supportive work environment with a focus on work-life balance. Encourage regular breaks, provide ergonomic workstations, and foster a culture of health and wellness.

  4. Employee Wellness Programmes : Develop wellness programmes that include physical activities, nutritional counselling, and educational workshops on health and well-being. OptimallyMe’s personalised health dashboards can be a cornerstone of such programmes, offering employees insights into their health and tailored recommendations for improvement.

  5. Transparent Policies : Ensure company policies are transparent and supportive, allowing employees to take necessary time off without fear of penalties. Flexible sick leave policies and the option to work from home can make a significant difference.


OptimallyMe offers a range of personalised health tests and dashboards that empower employees to take control of their health, focusing on prevention and early intervention. By fostering a healthy, supportive work environment, companies can reduce absenteeism and presenteeism, leading to a more productive and engaged workforce. Contact us for more information about our white label offering.

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