About this test’s biomarkers
A blood biomarker is a substance or characteristic that can be measured in a person’s blood to indicate the presence or severity of a disease or condition. Biomarkers can be used for early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring treatment effectiveness.
Liver Profile
Bilirubin
Bilirubin is a yellow-orange pigment, a waste product that is formed when the haemoglobin in red blood cells breaks down. The unbalanced level of bilirubin may signify anaemia or liver disease, as well as lead to yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes.
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ALT
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is primarily found in the liver, but also it is present in small amounts in the heart, muscles, and kidneys. The ALT test is mostly used to examine liver health and identify levels of ALT in your blood since ALT is released into the bloodstream when the liver is injured.
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GGT
Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found mainly in the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and pancreas. This enzyme helps break down proteins and also breaks down glutathione, a major antioxidant. It is therefore a useful marker for detecting bile duct problems.
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ALP
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in high amounts in bones and the liver. As an enzyme, it aids in the breakdown of proteins and it is included in a wide range of responsibilities in your body, such as DNA synthesis, filling bones with calcium, and metabolism of certain drugs.
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Total Protein
The total protein is a biomarker that combined levels of proteins in your blood called albumin and globulin. The total protein test shows your nutritional status as well as how well your kidneys and liver are working.
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Albumin
Albumin is often used to evaluate overall health. Albumin is a type of protein that is produced by the liver and the most abundant albumin is found in the blood plasma. It helps transport nutrients, medications, and hormones throughout the body, but it also helps in tissue healing and cell growth.
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Globulin
Globulin is used to assess liver function, kidney function, and immune system activity. Globulin refers to a group of proteins that are produced by the liver and immune cells. If globulin is in disbalance, it can impair the globulin’s ability to associate with other proteins such as haemoglobin, harm the transport of nutrients such as iron, and most important – it can weaken globulin’s ability to fight infection in the body.
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Cholesterol Profile
Total Cholesterol
Cholesterol represents an essential fat in your body that is important in managing the proper functioning of your cells, however, if the level of cholesterol is not balanced it can increase the risk of heart disease. Therefore, by measuring total cholesterol you can get a proper preview of the amount of cholesterol in your blood that includes levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol.
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HDL Cholesterol
The HDL Cholesterol test typically measures HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol levels, often referred to as "good" cholesterol.
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LDL Cholesterol
The LDL Cholesterol test typically measures the levels of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, which is often referred to as "bad" cholesterol.
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Non-HDL Cholesterol
Non-HDL cholesterol is a calculation that takes into account all of the "bad" cholesterol (LDL) in your blood, as well as other types of cholesterol, such as very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL). Non-HDL cholesterol is considered a better indicator of heart disease risk than LDL cholesterol alone.
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Chol: HDL ratio
The cholesterol:HDL ratio is a measure of the balance between "good" (HDL) cholesterol and "bad" (total) cholesterol in your blood.
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Triglycerides
A triglycerides test is a blood test that measures the level of triglycerides, a type of fat, in the bloodstream. High levels of triglycerides can increase the risk of heart disease and stroke.
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Kidney Profile
Urea
The urea test measures the amount of urea present in your blood. Urea represents the waste produced in the liver. When it is made, urea goes to the kidneys which then remove urea from your blood. Therefore, testing urea shows how well both the liver and the kidneys are working, as well as the level of your hydration.
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Creatinine
The creatinine test measures the amount of creatinine in your blood and/or urine. Creatinine is a waste product produced in your muscles from the breakdown of a compound called creatine. Both creatine and creatinine are produced by the body at a relatively constant rate. This test is a good measure of how well your kidneys are working.
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eGFR
The eGFR is a biomarker that shows your kidneys’ efficiency in filtering blood and keeping you healthy.
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Thyroid Profile
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is a hormone that controls your thyroid gland and the production of its hormones known as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The TSH test signifies the efficiency and health of your thyroid gland, as well as if your body’s metabolism is regulated.
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Free Thyroxine (FT4)
Free Thyroxine (FT4) is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and its function is to regulate the metabolism and energy of your body. The FT4 test shows the amount of FT4 that is available for your body to use. If the level of FT4 is unbalanced, it means that your thyroid gland is underactive or overactive which are the conditions that must be treated.
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Free triiodothyronine (FT3)
Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) is one of two hormones that the thyroid gland produces, but it is also made by the conversion of T4 to T3 inside of cells of your body. The test of FT3 in combination with TSH and FT4 provides a complete picture of the health of your thyroid gland and regulation of your metabolism.
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Diabetes Risk (HbA1c)
Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) test measures the average blood sugar (glucose) levels over the past two to three months, and it is a common test used to monitor glucose control in people with diabetes. It is important to maintain good glucose control, as uncontrolled diabetes can lead to a range of serious health problems, such as health diseases, nerve, and kidney damage.
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Uric Acid
Uric acid is a waste product produced by breaking down purines – a component that besides your body, is also found in food that you eat. Healthy kidneys excrete uric acid in the urine, however, if there is a problem uric acid creates crystals that cause the painful condition called gout. To manage and prevent the formation of gout, it is important to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle.
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Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a crucial role in bone health, immune function, and overall health. A blood test for Vitamin D measures the amount of this vitamin in the blood. The test is typically done to evaluate the levels of Vitamin D in the body and to help diagnose and monitor conditions such as vitamin D deficiency, osteoporosis, and rickets.
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Magnesium Serum
The magnesium serum test is used to determine the amount of magnesium in your blood. Magnesium is an important mineral that is involved in many critical body functions, such as the regulation of heart rate, the formation of bones and teeth, and the proper functioning of muscles, nerves, and kidneys.
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Creatine Kinase (CK)
The test of creatine kinase measures the amount of creatine kinase in the blood. Creatine Kinase (CK) is a type of protein, known as an enzyme and it is found in many tissues of the body, including the heart, brain, muscles, etc., and it plays a key role in the production of energy in cells. Disbalance of CK can indicate muscle damage or injury, heart attack, brain injury, as well as neurodegenerative diseases.
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hs-CRP (High Sensitivity)
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a protein produced by the liver and it represents an inflammation marker used to determine whether there is inflammation in your body or not. The levels of CRP vary in response to inflammation or tissue damage. The result of the hs-CRP test can show if there is a risk for some health problems such as diabetes, obesity, and heart diseases.
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Copper
Copper is an essential mineral that is required for a range of physiological processes in the body. It plays a crucial role in the formation of red blood cells, the maintenance of healthy bones and connective tissues, and the synthesis of several enzymes.The results of a copper test can provide information on a person's copper status, which can be useful in identifying anemia, osteoporosis, impaired immune function, and liver damage.
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Zinc
Zinc is an essential mineral that is required for the proper functioning of several physiological processes in the body. It plays a crucial role in immune function, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and the activity of many enzymes. The results of a zinc test can provide information on a person's zinc status, which can be useful in identifying zinc deficiency or toxicity. Zinc testing can also be useful in monitoring certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and sickle cell disease.
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Progesterone (P4)
The progesterone test performed seven days before your next period is due can identify whether or not you have ovulated. Progesterone is a hormone that plays an important role in the female reproductive system, particularly is regulating the menstrual cycle, supporting pregnancy, and preparing the body for childbirth. Therefore, test can be taken to determine health conditions such as irregular periods, infertility, and menopause symptoms.
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone that plays a key role in egg production and ovulation in women, and the production of sperm in men.
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Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a hormone that works together with FSH, and it is responsible for reproduction. In men, it helps in the production of testosterone, while in women it helps in regulating the menstrual cycle and ovulation.
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Oestradiol
The oestradiol test measures the level of oestrogen in the blood. The results determine the overall hormonal balance in the body. It is the main female sex hormone which disbalance can indicate endometriosis, PCOS, infertility, or menopause, however, it is also an essential hormone in men too.
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Total Iron-binding Capacity (TIBC)
The Total Iron-binding Capacity (TIBC) test measures your blood’s capacity to bind and carry iron, also it gives an indication of the amount of iron that is available in the body. The results help in identifying iron deficiency or iron overload.
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Ferritin
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in cells and tissues of your body. Measuring ferritin shows the amount of iron that is stored and is an important indicator of an unbalanced level of iron.
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Transferrin saturation (TSAT)
Transferrin is a protein that carries iron throughout your body. Transferrin saturation (TSAT) test provides a percentage of transferrin that is carrying iron and therefore it helps in determining the level of iron in your body.
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Iron (Fe)
Iron is one of the essential minerals that are part of haemoglobin – the protein in our red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. An unbalanced level of iron can cause a lot of health problems, such as anxiety, headache, and anaemia, and therefore it is an important biomarker to be tested.
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Vitamin B9 (folic acid)
The vitamin B9 test is also known as the folic acid test, and it measures the amount of folic acid in your blood. It represents a B-complex vitamin that plays a crucial role in the production of DNA and RNA and helps in the formation of red blood cells. Further, intake of folic acid is especially important during pregnancy, as well as if the person has anemia or liver disease.
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Unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC)
Unsaturated Iron-Binding Capacity (UIBC) is a laboratory test that measures the amount of iron that can be bound to transferrin, a protein that transports iron in the blood. The UIBC test helps evaluate a person's iron status and the body's ability to transport and use iron.
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Active Vitamin B12
Active B12 is an essential biomarker revealing your body's functional vitamin B12 status. It comprises 6-30% of total B12 reserves. Active B12 testing provides a precise assessment of your body's real-time B12 levels, identifying deficiencies earlier than total B12 testing alone. Adequate active B12 is critical for energy production, red blood cell formation, nerve function, and brain health. Low active B12 serves as a reliable deficiency marker, indicating risks of anaemia and neurological issues over time if not addressed. Regular active B12 testing allows early detection of potential deficiencies, enabling timely steps to improve status before long-term health problems develop.
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